Organ Transplantation
Organ transplantation is a medical process that an organ which is taken from another body is placed to a receiver body. When the end stage of organ failure such as liver and kidney failure takes place, organ transplantation is the only treatment. Although end stage kidney disease can be overcame with renal replacement therapies, kidney transplantation is considered the best procedure for increasing the quality of life and cost effectiveness. Among all transplantation processes, the most performed operation is kidney transplantation. Beside kidney, heart, heart valves, liver, lungs, pancreas, cornea, skin can be successfully transplanted
Transplanted organs between the same species are either from a living or dead source.
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Patients suffering from chronic kidney failure lose their kidney functions irreversibly. Medical authorities worldwide unanimously recommend kidney transplantation as the best treatment for this disease. Kidney transplantation will help the patient retrieve the life he/she is accustomed to, extend their life expectancy and more importantly improve their quality of life.
Kidney transplantation may be made by using cadaveric kidneys or kidneys given by live donors. We hope that increasing organ donation rates will change this and allow us to treat patients with no live donors. It is essential to perform laparoscopic (closed) surgery on the donor in transplants using kidneys given by live donors. Since the donor is a healthy individual, he/she can recover much sooner following the operation in laparoscopic surgery. Today, the laparoscopic method is the golden standard for operating kidney donors. The patient receiving the kidney is closely monitored following the transplant and discharged as soon as his/her health improves significantly as a result of immediate kidney function. The recipients are regularly monitored in outpatient clinics after they are discharged following the surgery. Monitoring intervals get less frequent gradually. As stated previously, a successful organ transplant is required to be handled as an integral procedure including the pre-operation stage, operation stage and post-operation monitoring stage.
Most kidney transplant recipients can return to work and other normal activities within eight weeks after transplant.
- Kidney rejection
- Side effects from medicine
- Surgery
Doctors and nurses monitor your condition in the hospital’s transplant recovery area to watch for signs of complications. Your new kidney will make urine like your own kidneys did when they were healthy. Often this starts immediately. In other cases it may take several days, and you may need temporary dialysis until your new kidneys begin to function properly. Expect soreness or pain around the incision site while you’re healing. Most kidney transplant recipients can return to work and other normal activities within eight weeks after transplant. No lifting objects weighing more than 10 pounds or exercise other than walking until the wound has healed (usually about six weeks after surgery).
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Liver transplant is a live saving treatment for patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis, in cases where the only option is to have a liver transplant. Transplants performed by using livers donated from people who have lost their lives are commonly known as cadaveric liver transplants. Cadaveric donations are taken from people who are brain dead. The number of cadaveric donations is very low in our country compared to western countries, resulting in the loss of patients who might have been saved otherwise. Although recent campaigns have helped increase public awareness, a lot is still needed to be done to this end.
The other alternative is performing transplants using livers from live donors. Tests and examinations are conducted on live donors who wish to give a part of their liver to a relative or a loved one and half of their liver is transplanted to the patients if they are found to be medically suitable for the surgery. The size of the part of the liver to be transplanted to small children or babies is relatively smaller. The other half of the liver that is left in the donor’s body grows larger to pre-operation size in a few months. Post-operation progress differs between individual patients. Patients suffering from various diseases that cause liver cirrhosis need liver transplants. The general condition of the patient may vary prior to the operation. Therefore, patients suffering from frequent diseases such as hepatitis B or C shall be closely monitored by the gastroenterohepatology polyclinic.
The primary objective must be to treat the disease. However, if the patient develops liver cirrhosis despite all efforts, they shall apply to the organ transplant center without delay under close monitoring. The list of diseases leading to liver cirrhosis is long and constitutes the subject of another article.
Surgery can take up to 12 hours, depending on your situation.
- Bile duct complications, including bile duct leaks or shrinking of the bile ducts
- Bleeding
- Blood clots
- Failure of a donated liver
- Infection
- Rejection of donated liver
Expect six months or more recovery time before you’ll feel fully healed after your liver transplant surgery. You may be able to resume normal activities or go back to work a few months after surgery. How long it takes you to recover may depend on how ill you were before your liver transplant.
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A bone marrow transplant is a procedure that infuses healthy blood-forming stem cells into your body to replace your damaged or diseased bone marrow. A bone marrow transplant is also called a stem cell transplant.You might need a bone marrow transplant if your bone marrow stops working and does not produce enough healthy blood cells.Bone marrow transplants may use cells from your own body (autologous transplant) or from a donor (allogeneic transplant).
- Stem cell transplants are normally only recommended if:
- The recipient of the transplant is in relatively good health, despite their associated condition (which is why stem cell transplants are often done when cancer is in remission)
- Stem cells are available from a brother or sister with the same tissue type, which reduces the chances of the transplant being rejected, or graft versus host disease
- The associated condition is not responding to other forms of treatment or it is felt that there is a high risk of the condition recurring without a transplant
- It is felt that the benefits of a transplant outweigh the risks
The state of your engraftment will be regularly monitored. It’s generally complete between 10 and 28 days after the initial transplant. The first sign of engraftment is a rising white blood cell count. This shows that the transplant is starting to make new blood cells.
- a drop in blood pressure
- a headache
- nausea
- shortness of breath
- chills
- a fever
Typical recovery time for a bone marrow transplant is about three months. However, it may take up to a year for you to recover fully.
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